Chapter 4 Assessment (:

Worked with Kendra, ReVae, and Katrina (:

PAGE 112

Q: 28, 35, 39, 40, 50, 51, 60, 64, 65, 68, 72, 85

28.  All matter is composed of atoms which contains protons, neutrons, and electrons in the nucleus

35. The cathode ray

39. The electrons stay confined in the nucleus because they are negative, and the protons are positive which attract. So the electromagnetic force cause them to stay.

40. The tube is filled with low pressured gas so it's not like it is hectic in there. The particles connect to the opposite charges as the voltage and magnetic forces run.

50. The superscript in the notation represents the mass number and the subscripts stand for the atomic number.

51. You know the mass number and atomic number but, how do you find out the number of neutrons? If you have those two things, you take the subtract the atomic number to the mass number which will figure out the number of neutrons.

60.  Vanadium (V) protons: 23 electrons: 23----> Manganese (Mn) protons: 25 electrons:25----> Iridium (Ir) protons: 77 electrons: 77----> Sulfur (S) protons:16 electrons: 16

64.   Cs- protons & electrons: 55 neutrons: 80

      Co- protons & electrons: 27 neutrons: 32

      Tm- protons & electrons: 69 neutrons: 94

      Zn- protons & electrons: 30 neutrons: 50

65.   a: 31 Protons&Electrons, 33 neutrons
      b. 9 Protons&Electrons, 14 neutrons
      c. 22 Protons&Electrons, 26 neutrons
      d 2 Protons&Electrons, 6 neutrons
68. percent abundance (mass) = atomic mass. .  51.992
72.  ?
85.  You can't pass your hand through a solid object even though the atoms are primarily composed of empty space because they're all connect in place vibrating.

Spectra Lab (:

In this lab, we learned about three different spectars. They are Continuous, Emission, and Absorption. 


Continuous Spectra (all the colors) are all of the colors in a rainbow. With the continuous spectra there is every  kind of wave and light in it. They are also called thermal spectrums. 
red yellow green blue purple


Emission
The spectrum of bright lines, bands, or continuous radiation characteristics of and determined by a specific emitting substances subjected to a specific kind of excitation.The light is passed through a spectrometer, and the energy is dimmed in the spectrum, leaving only a small portion of light.
red yellow green


Absorption
The electromagnetic spectrum, broken by a specific pattern of dark lines or bands, observed when radiation traverses a particular absorbing medium. The absorption pattern in unique and can be used t identify the material. Theres a material that absorbs the light such as a cloud of gas. It's almost a continuous spectrum even though the black body in between you, and the light source is distorting it a little bit.

red brown yellow green purple

After looking at the light with the spectroscopes, 6 different kinds of jarred chemical was placed in front of the light and here are the results we got:


Hydrogen
red green purple


Mercury
red orange green purple

Nitrogen
red orange yellow green blue purple

Argon
red orange green purple

Helium
red orange green blue

Neon
red orange yellow green blue purple

Mixtures Demo

    I really enjoyed doing this lab especially getting to pick the 3 different varieties of mixtures. My partners were Isaac and Michael, and we had mixed 14 grams of Boiling Salt, 7 grams of Calcium Chloride, and 23 grams of Iron. Then we exchanged our mixture with Kendra and ReVae and had to separate all of the mixtures they had put together. We ended up separating Sugar, Sand, and Salt. After seperating the 3 different types of mixtures, we had to make a guess on how much they had put in their mixture. We ended up with 25.10 grams of Sugar, 3.95 grams of Sand, and 14.00 grams of Salt.

This was our mixture of:

     

                           - 14 grams of boiling salt

       - 7 grams of Calcium Chloride

       - 23 grams of Iron

Filtration-seperates solids from liquids by using a parous barrier
Distillation-Separates substance on the basis of the boiling points of the substance
Chromatgraphy-separates substance based on their movements through a special paper
Centrifuation- separates the components of a mixture based on the tendency of each component to travel or be drawn across the surface of another material.

This was Kendra and ReVae's mixture:
     - 25.10 grams of Sugar
     - 7 grams of Sand
     - 23 grams of Salt